Biotechnology - the integration of natural and engineering sciences, which enables the most to realize the potential of living organisms or their derivatives for the creation and modification of products or processes of different uses. The most frequent use is in medicine, food, energy, environment and research.

Numerous members of the groups of living organisms, such as microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, prosthetics, tremors), plants, animals, and isolated cells and sub-cell structures, are the objects of biotechnology. Biotechnology is based on existing physiological-biochemical processes that result in energy, synthesis and fragmentation of metabolic products, chemical and structural cell components. The potential of biotechnology is unusually great because its methods are more profitable than conventional ones: they are used under optimal conditions (temperature and pressure), more productive, environmentally sound and do not require chemical reagents that poison the environment, etc.

The main areas of biotechnology are:

• Biotechnology - production by microorganisms and cultivated eukariotic cells of biologically active compounds (ferments, vitamins, hormonal preparations), medicines (antibiotics, vaccines, serums, highly specialized antibodies, etc.) and proteins, amino acids used as feed supplements;
• Biotechnology - biological abatement techniques (biological treatment of wastewater, soil contamination, etc.) and plant protection against pests and diseases;
• Biotechnology - the creation of new useful strains of microorganisms, plant varieties, animal species, etc.

Challenges, methods and achievements of biotechnology. Humanity needs to learn how to effectively change the hereditary nature of living organisms in order to ensure that they are safe food and raw materials and not lead the planet to an ecological disaster, for which biotechnology has been created and developed. Therefore, it is not by accident that the main objective of the breeders has now been to address the problem of creating new forms of plant, animal and micro-organisms that are well adapted to industrial modes of production, sustainably resilient conditions that effectively use solar energy and, most importantly, produce organic products without excessive environmental pollution. The principle new approaches to addressing this fundamental problem are the use of the segregation. Genetic and Cellical Engineering♪