16968

The development and transformation of biotechnology is due to profound changes in biology over the past 25 to 30 years. These developments were based on new developments in molecular biology and molecular genetics. At the same time, it is worth noting that development and of biotechnology The most closely related to a range of knowledge not only of biological sciences but also of many others.

The expansion of the practice of biotechnology is also due to the socio-economic needs of society. The current challenges facing humankind on the threshold of XX1 in that regard, such as the lack of clean water and food (especially protein), pollution of the environment, the scarcity of raw and energy resources, the need for new, clean materials, the development of new diagnostics and treatments, cannot be solved by traditional methods. Therefore, the development of innovative methods and technologies is becoming increasingly necessary for human survival, quality of life and longevity.

The development of scientific and technological progress, accompanied by an increase in the rate of material and energy resources, has unfortunately resulted in a breakdown of the balance in the biosphere processes. The water and air basins of cities are polluted, the reproduced function of the biosphere is reduced, and global cycles of the biosphere have been disrupted as a result of the accumulation of technological deadlocks.

The vigour of modern scientific and technological progress of mankind has been described by the Swiss engineer and philosopher Eichelberg: " It is believed that the age of mankind is 600,000 years. Let us see the movement of mankind in the form of a marathon race of 60 km, which is somewhere along the way towards the centre of one of our cities, as the final... Most of the distance passes on a very difficult path - through the virgin forest, and we know nothing about it, because only at the end, we find, along with the original weapon, cave drawings as the first signs of culture, and only the last kilometre shows signs of agriculture.