Mr. e Engineering, M. Genetics section, which is linked to the deliberate creation in vitro of new genetic combinations. material capable of multiplying in cage shops and synthesizing final products of exchange. In 1972, when P. Berga ' s Laboratory (Standford U.S.) received the first recombinant ( hybrid) DNA (R.D.C.), the DNA fragments of the lambda faga and the bush stick with the circular DNA of the monkey virus 40. The key to designing RDNs in vitro is enzymes, restracts, dissecting DNA molecules on scrupulously defined fragments, locations, and DNA-ligaes that stun DNA fragments into a single whole. Only after such enzymes were provided, the creation of arts, genetic structures became technically feasible. The DNA recombinant molecule is the ring form, it contains a gene (genes) of the object of genetics, manipulation, etc., the vector is a DNA fragment that allows the reproduction of RDNKs and the synthesis of the final genetic products of the system - proteins. The latter is already happening in the cabin where the RCDC is being introduced. Genes to be cloned may be obtained from fragments by mechanic, or from a retroctical fragmentation of total DNA. But structural genes tend to have to either synthesize chemico-biol bypass or receive DNA copies of information NCs corresponding to the chosen gene. Structural genes contain only a coded record of the end product (white, RNC), completely detached from the reguling areas and therefore unable to operate either in the cabin or in vitro. The operational properties of the RCDK are vector, the rum has sections of the beginning of replication (renewal of RCDs), genetics. Markers required for breeding, regulatory areas required for transcripation and transmission of genes. Most vectors are derived from the plasmid of the bowel and other bacteria. The vectors are also used on the basis of the lambda phase, SV 40 viruses and polio, brush, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, etc. Revenue is the most common form of non-existent structures, and only one of them is necessary. Therefore, the compulsory stage is the settlement and prayer cloning of the RCDK, which was introduced through the transformation into the host cell. Naib, often as a cage-owner, uses a whale, but also uses other bacteria, as well as tremors (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), animals and plants, cells. The vector master system cannot be arbitrary: the vector is approached by the owner ' s cage, its choice depends on the specificity and purpose of the researcher. There are three paths to select the DOCs: genetic (on the markers, using the media). ♪ ♪